Drizzle ORM for Cloudflare D1

Status: Production Ready ✅ Last Updated: 2026-01-03 Production Tested: Used across 2025-2026 Cloudflare ecosystem, full D1 compatibility

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Auto-Trigger Keywords

Claude Code automatically discovers this skill when you mention:

Primary Keywords

• drizzle orm
• drizzle d1
• drizzle cloudflare
• type-safe sql
• drizzle schema
• drizzle migrations
• drizzle kit
• orm cloudflare
• d1 orm
• database orm

Secondary Keywords

• drizzle typescript
• drizzle relations
• drizzle transactions
• drizzle query builder
• schema definition
• prepared statements drizzle
• drizzle batch
• drizzle workers
• serverless orm
• edge database orm
• sqlite orm
• migration management
• schema migrations
• database schema typescript
• relational queries
• drizzle joins
• drizzle insert
• drizzle select

Error-Based Keywords

• "drizzle migration failed"
• "schema not found" drizzle
• "d1 binding error" drizzle
• "transaction not supported" d1
• "foreign key constraint" drizzle
• "no such module wrangler" drizzle
• "D1_ERROR" drizzle
• "BEGIN TRANSACTION" d1
• "drizzle push failed"
• "migration apply error"
• "drizzle type inference"
• "PRAGMA foreign_keys"

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What This Skill Does

Provides production-tested patterns for Drizzle ORM with Cloudflare D1 databases. Covers type-safe schema definition, migrations management, query building, relations, transactions using D1 batch API, and complete Cloudflare Workers integration.

Core Capabilities

✅ Type-Safe Queries - Full TypeScript inference for all queries ✅ Schema Definition - Complete D1 column types, constraints, and relations ✅ Migrations Management - Generate and apply migrations with Drizzle Kit + Wrangler ✅ Relations & Joins - One-to-many, many-to-many with type-safe queries ✅ D1 Batch API - Transactions using D1's batch API (not SQL BEGIN/COMMIT) ✅ Prepared Statements - Performance optimization for repeated queries ✅ Workers Integration - Complete Hono + Drizzle + D1 setup ✅ Error Prevention - Prevents 12 documented issues with production-tested solutions ✅ 10 Templates - Ready-to-use patterns for every use case

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Known Issues This Skill Prevents

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When to Use This Skill

✅ Use When:

• Building type-safe D1 database schemas
• Want better DX than raw SQL queries
• Managing database migrations systematically
• Need TypeScript inference for database operations
• Working with complex relations and joins
• Building production Cloudflare Workers with D1
• Migrating from raw D1 queries to ORM
• Encountering transaction or migration errors
• Want IDE autocomplete for database queries

❌ Don't Use When:

• Need traditional SQL transactions (use D1 batch API instead)
• Simple key-value storage (use KV instead)
• Document storage (use R2 instead)
• Need full PostgreSQL features (use Hyperdrive + Postgres instead)
• Want to connect to local SQLite directly (use better-sqlite3)

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Quick Usage Example

# Install Drizzle
npm install drizzle-orm
npm install -D drizzle-kit

# Create drizzle.config.ts
cat > drizzle.config.ts << 'EOF'
import { defineConfig } from 'drizzle-kit';

export default defineConfig({
  schema: './src/db/schema.ts',
  out: './migrations',
  dialect: 'sqlite',
  driver: 'd1-http',
  dbCredentials: {
    accountId: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID!,
    databaseId: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_DATABASE_ID!,
    token: process.env.CLOUDFLARE_D1_TOKEN!,
  },
});
EOF

# Define schema
cat > src/db/schema.ts << 'EOF'
import { sqliteTable, text, integer } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-core';

export const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: integer('id').primaryKey({ autoIncrement: true }),
  email: text('email').notNull().unique(),
  name: text('name').notNull(),
  createdAt: integer('created_at', { mode: 'timestamp' }).$defaultFn(() => new Date()),
});
EOF

# Generate migration
npx drizzle-kit generate

# Apply migration locally
npx wrangler d1 migrations apply my-database --local

# Apply migration to production
npx wrangler d1 migrations apply my-database --remote

# Use in Worker
cat > src/index.ts << 'EOF'
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/d1';
import { users } from './db/schema';

export default {
  async fetch(request, env) {
    const db = drizzle(env.DB);

    // Type-safe query with full TypeScript inference
    const allUsers = await db.select().from(users);

    return Response.json(allUsers);
  },
};
EOF

Result: Type-safe D1 queries with migrations, zero raw SQL

Full instructions: See SKILL.md

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Token Efficiency Metrics

Measured by: Setting up schema, migrations, relations, and Worker integration with Drizzle + D1

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Package Versions (Verified 2026-01-03)

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Dependencies

Prerequisites:

• cloudflare-d1 - D1 database setup and bindings
• cloudflare-worker-base - Worker project structure

Integrates With:

• hono-routing - API routes with type-safe database queries
• clerk-auth - User authentication with user database models
• tanstack-query - Client-side data fetching from Drizzle endpoints

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File Structure

drizzle-orm-d1/
├── SKILL.md              # Complete documentation
├── README.md             # This file
├── scripts/              # Version checking
│   └── check-versions.sh
├── references/           # Deep-dive docs (6 files)
│   ├── wrangler-setup.md
│   ├── schema-patterns.md
│   ├── migration-workflow.md
│   ├── query-builder-api.md
│   ├── common-errors.md
│   └── links-to-official-docs.md
└── templates/            # 10 ready-to-use files
    ├── drizzle.config.ts
    ├── schema.ts
    ├── client.ts
    ├── basic-queries.ts
    ├── relations-queries.ts
    ├── migrations/
    │   └── 0001_example.sql
    ├── transactions.ts
    ├── prepared-statements.ts
    ├── cloudflare-worker-integration.ts
    └── package.json

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Official Documentation

• Drizzle ORM: https://orm.drizzle.team/
• Drizzle with D1: https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/connect-cloudflare-d1
• Drizzle Kit: https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/kit-overview
• GitHub: https://github.com/drizzle-team/drizzle-orm
• Cloudflare D1: https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/
• Context7 Library: /drizzle-team/drizzle-orm-docs

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Included Agents

This skill includes 1 companion agent for common workflows:

Why use the agent? Context hygiene. Migration outputs and schema diffs can be verbose - the agent runs in isolated context and returns a clean summary.

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Related Skills

• cloudflare-d1 - Raw D1 SQL queries and setup
• cloudflare-worker-base - Worker project structure
• hono-routing - API routing framework
• clerk-auth - Authentication with user models
• tanstack-query - Client-side data fetching

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Contributing

Found an issue or have a suggestion?

• Open an issue: https://github.com/jezweb/claude-skills/issues
• See SKILL.md for detailed documentation

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License

MIT License - See main repo LICENSE file

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Production Tested: Full D1 compatibility, used across 2025 Cloudflare ecosystem Token Savings: ~60% Error Prevention: 100% (all 12 known issues prevented) Ready to use! See SKILL.md for complete setup.